out to be in Joel 2—at least figuratively if not in reality—an army sent by YHWH himself [Crenshaw, Wendland]. Theories that posit national sins in the background of this book. While Joel mentions no particular sin as lying behind the original national emergency that he depicts, commentators who base their view on the covenantal model have traditionally assumed that there was such a sin. Keil, for example, presumes that some sin prevented
Page 6