portions, if not of its entirety. Leslie C. Allen (1976) and H. W. Wolff (1975), for example, argue for Joel’s essential unity. Wolff in particular has adduced literary features of the book as support for his position; he holds only 3:3–8 (4:4–8) to have been added later by another author, and 2:26b and 3:18–21 (4:18–21) to likely be later additions, perhaps by Joel himself. The textlinguist Ernst Wendland (1995) also approaches Joel as an organic unity, as, indeed, any textlinguist must. This is