breathing marks. Initial ρ must also have a rough breathing mark. Example: ῥῆμα (rhēʹ ma). The breathing mark is placed over the single vowel or over the second vowel of a diphthong, which begins a word, as in ἄνθρωπος and αὐτός. A smooth breathing does not affect the pronunciation of a word, but a rough breathing is pronounced like the letter h. Thus we see that ἀκούω is pronounced a kouʹō, while ἁμαρτία is pronounced ha mar tiʹa. There is no rule to indicate which breathing mark is