Jude’s letter paints an unflattering picture of an anonymous group of nonbelievers, concerning whom Jude expresses an unyielding consternation as well as speaking of their influence in shaping a historical situation, though unspecified. Admittedly, Jude’s portrayals of the nonbelievers are elusive, and the situation is concealed amid vague references (e.g., “godless,” Jude 4, 15; “dreamers,” Jude 8; “hidden rocks,” Jude 12; “these people,” Jude 8, 12, 16, 19), scathing historical comparisons (e.g.,
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