1:3 Hanani responded to the question of Nehemiah by informing him that the Jewish remnant that remained in the land of Judah was currently in רָעָה (“distress”) and חֶרְפָּה (“reproach”). The reference to the remnant being in distress is most likely to be taken as a description of the remnant’s social and economic situation while the use of the term “reproach” announced the spiritual condition of the people.11 The nation’s social situation was in distress because of continual oppression by foreign
Nehemiah 1:3