without the waters being dried up. But it is appropriate to note both elements in the miracle. While the second reflection considers Israel’s experience, the emphasis here is on the divine initiative. The stones were thus a perennial reminder of the cutting off of the waters before the ark. Because of the close identification between God and the ark in 3:11 and 13, it is a way of saying the waters were cut off before God himself. As a memorial they served as a continual means of helping Israel remember