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Pope Pius XII’s 1943 encyclical Divino Afflante Spiritu discusses developments in biblical studies and calls for a renewal of the study of the Sacred Scriptures. By encouraging the use of the original languages for study and translation and describing the proper place of historical-critical methods in Catholic exegesis, it opened a new era in Catholic biblical scholarship.

In the performance of this task let the interpreters bear in mind that their foremost and greatest endeavor should be to discern and define clearly that sense of the biblical words which is called literal. Aided by the context and by comparison with similar passages, let them therefore by means of their knowledge of languages search out with all diligence the literal meaning of the words; all these helps indeed are wont to be pressed into service in the explanation also of profane writers, so that