Cain the evil one and Abel the just, sinners versus saints, the city of man versus the city of God (see esp. 15.5). Augustine’s concept of Cain as czar of the secular city became standard in later chronicle histories such as Ranulf Higden’s Polychronicon (2.5) and Raleigh’s History of the World (1.5.2). Literary writings from the earliest periods of English and continental literatures identify a “spirit of Cain” which has persisted from primeval biblical times to the present. The Beowulf narrator, perhaps