Although there is a range of views about intertextuality as a literary-critical approach in biblical studies,68 here I will attempt to discern as best as I can whether John probably intended links to earlier biblical traditions about creation. On the one hand, it is impossible to be totally certain whether John indeed intended creation imagery at various points in his Gospel. Authorial intent of ancient texts is a problematic notion nowadays.69 On the other hand, we need to use all the tools that