1:14 but each one is tempted when, by his own evil desire, he is dragged away and enticed. Where does temptation come from? James might have said, “From Satan, the evil one,” but he does not. Instead he places the responsibility for temptation on the individual: “his own (the Greek word ἴδιος, idios, is emphatic here) desire leads him astray.” Desire can be either positive or negative in the New Testament, depending on the context. Here it is evil desire that drags away and entices. The Greek words