Knowledge, then, is limited to what we observe and gather through our senses. There’s no supernatural reality or revelation. With that in mind, morality is based on individual or social preferences or standards. History and life itself has no ultimate purpose or meaning. There’s no afterlife. It’s this modern worldview that has permeated much of the Western world. Religion and spirituality are nonrational or irrational in this worldview. If they’re explained, they’re explained with natural explanations