related to the practical outworking of their faith. We will also see that Gouge’s practical divinity was born out of his understanding of the Bible, theology of atonement, and belief in God’s providence and moved him to guide specifically Christians who struggled in their faith and doubted the reality of their salvation because of personal sin, physical ailments, and cultural circumstances. In summary, Gouge’s practical divinity taught an assurance of salvation that placed the primary ground of assurance