Reason and faith were considered compatible and complementary. Aristotle shattered this confidence. For one thing, his works—including Nicomachean Ethics and the Politics, Physics, and Metaphysics—did not fit into any of the seven liberal arts. Natural knowledge of the world, philosophy, obviously covered much more ground than had been imagined. Moreover, Aristotle’s impressive treatises seemed to conflict with Christian faith, particularly on these three subjects: Creation. In the course of proving