And I would add, a successful heretic had three main characteristics: First, they were wise. They were often well-read, learned; and they knew how to play the game of church politics when they had to. Second, they were winsome, in the sense that they were often eloquent and charismatic, and they could write and argue their point with great persuasion. Third, they were usually wealthy, and they had some money to throw around to support their various causes; they could buy followers or finance their