denotes a product rather than an interaction.” In the oral tradition, the individual human act of communing with the deity was the anchor of theological authority. With the coming of the Bible as a book, those individuals, who had taken “their legitimacy from the revelation they possessed in person,” had to refer and defer to “the sum of knowledge laid down in a body of texts” (2007: 206–7). Both Orthodox Judaism and Orthodox and Catholic Christianity have sought to preserve the event or act quality