substitutionary nature of this reconciliation (atonement) is seen in vv. 21, 22; from being “alienated and enemies in … mind” because of works of wickedness, the Christian has moved in Christ to being “reconciled … holy … blameless … above reproach in His sight.” Christ, on the other hand, went from being the spotless Lamb of God to being sin on our behalf (cf. 2 Cor. 5:21). Any theology that denies the substitutionary atonement of Christ or neglects the saving power of His sacrifice and the necessity