it denotes a specific office rather than a function. The use of this term as the designation for a liturgical deacon or a Gospel writer is attested only later (see DBI 218–20). ‘Pastor’ (i.e. shepherd) occurs only here in the New Testament with reference to an order of ministry, though related pastoral metaphors are found at Acts 20:28, 1 Pet. 5:1–4 and John 21:16. It implies care and nurture of the faith of a local congregation. The distinction between itinerant and resident church leaders, which