Ne faut-il pas supposer, au contraire, que l’écriture était l’apanage d’un cercle restreint et que la tradition orale était le canal d’information le plus habituel?”108 All three of these reconstructions minimize the extent to which Israel was always a society of oral literature full of literate individuals. As David Carr laments, “Though scholars decades ago deconstructed the idea that there was a ‘great divide’ between orality and literacy, a remarkable