In one sense, “history” is everything that happened in the past, every second of every day since the beginning of the universe. However, I mean something more specific when I talk about studying history or the historical method. In this second and more useful sense, history is the “knowable past,” the people and events of history for which reliable sources have survived. In some cases, such as with Alexander the Great or many of the Roman Caesars and Egyptian Pharaohs, we have