to the view that the idea of sexual orientation did not develop until the nineteenth century, the astrological sources demonstrate the existence in the Roman world of the concept of a lifelong erotic orientation.”15 Now, Craig Williams, like Brownson, argues extensively in his book Roman Homosexuality that our modern concept of homosexuality was unknown to the ancients. However, even Williams believes that: If they were alive today, men like this would no doubt be called, and would likely call themselves,