background, his residence in Jerusalem (dominated by the temple), and his association with Paul and his independence from him (Acts 9:27; 11:22–30; 12:25–13:2; 15:1–40; Gal. 2:13). His very name means “son of exhortation” or “son of encouragement” (Acts 4:36), and Hebrews is “a word of exhortation” (13:22). Barnabas continues to be named by people who seek a Jewish-Christian author intimate with the details of temple ritual. 2. Apollos was proposed originally by Martin Luther, and he has had his