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Spanning ten millennia, from the earliest civilization to the Arab conquest, The Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land is the definitive one-volume reference to the ancient lands of the Bible, fusing scientific discovery and literacy and religious tradition to produce a deeper understanding of the history of human culture. Here the settings of the world's three major religions are...

The last station on the route of the Exodus west of the Jordan, where Joshua set up 12 stones to commemorate the crossing of the river (Josh. 4:19–20). Here, in the plain of Jericho, the Children of Israel were circumcised (Josh. 5:3). Eusebius (Onom. 46:18 ff.) stated that the site was located at a distance of 2 miles from Jericho. It is often mentioned by ancient pilgrims some of whom ‘saw the stone’. On the Medaba map the 12 stones are shown north of Jericho. According to Arculf (c. AD