ambivalent about Ecclesiastes’ place in the canon is an overstatement and a misunderstanding of the facts of the case. If the charge is that there were some serious questions about how to interpret Ecclesiastes, the answer is that the problem was not confined to Qoheleth; the same problems existed with the Song of Solomon, Proverbs, and certain Psalms. Further, those objections were all from the school of Shammai, whose rules of interpretation were hotly contested by the school of Hillel. Shammai was,