determinism or what this author refers to as exhaustive divine determinism (EDD): all events are causally determined by God. In light of the previous descriptions of determinism (both scientific and theological) it is vital clearly to define what stands in contrast to it: libertarian free will (LFW) or simply libertarian freedom. Aquinas defines human freedom as the absence of any outside force that would prevent a person from weighing alternatives and making his own choices.12