In his book Jesus Wars: How Four Patriarchs, Three Queens, and Two Emperors Decided What Christians Would Believe for the Next 1,500 Years, the respected Church historian J. Phillip Jenkins describes what happened in the fifth-sixth centuries A.D. in the aftermath of the Council of Chalcedon. There it was officially determined that Christian orthodoxy required the belief that Jesus had two natures, one divine and one human, rather than one divine nature only (incarnated for a season here