doctrine he or she is teaching conflicts with the faith community’s orthodoxy. That must come as a surprise to many readers who are used to thinking many more people are heretics than actually are! It’s not that easy to be a heretic. I, for one, (and this is common practice among Christians educated in theology) do not label persons as heretics unless they know what they are teaching is against either ecumenical Christianity or their own denominational orthodoxy. Now, a qualification is in order.