fungi); (2) plants; and (3) animals. In addition to purely physical life, Earth today sustains two kinds of life that possess distinctly nonphysical attributes. One of these kinds is a group of animals that possesses a mind (category 2 above), a mind that is capable of experiencing and expressing emotions, exercising intellectual analysis, and making decisions in response to that analysis and the animal’s emotional state. All mind-possessing animals share in common the attribute of parents providing