ethnically related Orthodox churches in the East, this pattern of applying the Sabbath commandment prevailed. As early as 386, Theodosius forbade all litigation on Sunday, along with theatrical and circus performances. In 585, all businesses were closed by the Council of Macon, and Sunday was declared a day of perpetual rest. At the same time, older views continued to linger during this transitional period. Augustine, who sends mixed signals in his writings in various places on the topic, in one