Some of the Italian clergy, however, were flippantly unbelieving and would address the sacrament saying, “Bread art thou and bread thou wilt remain, and wine art thou and wine thou wilt remain.” To a devout believer from the unsophisticated Northland such disclosures were truly shocking. They need not have made him despondent in regard to the validity of his own quest because the Church had long taught that the efficacy of the sacraments did not depend on the character of the ministrants. By a like