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The Ancient Near East: An Essential Guide is unavailable, but you can change that!

The cultures of the great empires of the ancient Near East from Egypt to Mesopotamia influenced Israel's religion, literature, and laws because of Israel's geographic location and political position situation. Anyone who wishes to understand the Old Testament texts and the history of ancient Israel must become familiar with the history, literature, and society of the surrounding kingdoms that at...

His God shows some affinity with the situation of Job in the Bible. A man who had been prosperous and healthy is afflicted and then scorned by his friends. However, unlike Job’s protestations of innocence, the Sumerian concludes that all humans are inherently sinful, and so he asks for forgiveness, just as Job’s friends encourage him to do. He addresses his personal god (cf. Job’s hope for an advocate in Job 9:33; 19:25), and his situation is reversed. Another parallel between Sumerian and biblical