family or household (bayit). German zoologist Ernst Haeckel first coined the term ecology in 1866 and defined it as “the science of relations between the organism and the surrounding outer world.”13 Alfred George Tansley first introduced the term ecosystem to scientific literature in his 1935 article “The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts and Terms.”14 The word oikos originally referred to any habitation or space where people, animals, and all living things resided. J. Donald Hughes writes that