smaller and older churches, the culture is more the property of the congregation and its history than the pastor. The smaller or older the church, the greater impact the culture will have on any new ideas, projects, or changes a pastor wants to implement, especially if the congregation has had a high pastoral turnover. The culture is deep in the “soil,” meaning it’s seldom seen from the surface. In fact, it may not be obvious to the very people who enforce it. For instance, how many pastors have heard a