the objects themselves do not contain power. To believe so is an occult worldview. In fact, animism, a view found in many pagan cultures, is the belief that objects can be inhabited by spirits. Casting Spells What is a spell? A look at three definitions will be helpful. One simple definition is: “A spell is a procedure to follow to reach a desired end.”22 Another witch states, “A spell is a spoken or written formula that, in an act of magic, is intended to cause or influence a particular course of