understanding than the author’s expressed meaning. Craig Blaising and Darrell Bock espouse what they call a “complementary hermeneutic.” As prophecy expert Thomas Ice explains it, “Complementary hermeneutics appears to be a synthesis of the two older approaches which have battled each other for years—the spiritual and literal approaches—in their handling of how the New Testament uses the Old Testament.”4 This view suggests that there will be a literal fulfillment of the Abrahamic, Davidic, and new covenants