either worship Allah or pay a special protection tax and acquiesce to an Islamic political system. For the devout Muslim, war has a divine purpose and a divine outcome—securing the territory in the name of Allah, to whom all must bow.6 After the enemy submits, the surrender treaty is considered forever binding. If at any time, years or even centuries after the treaty was accepted, a conquered party breaks it, war is to be waged until such time that Islamic law is fully reestablished. The Qur’an decrees,