two far-reaching claims that all forms of universalism make. The first claim is that universalism alone does justice to the love of God revealed in the Bible — and to the victory of Jesus Christ the Savior over sin and death. While sitting loosely on some biblical teachings, universalists insist that the overall trajectory of the Bible fits their view. By contrast, they claim, any belief in unending torment makes God a failure and something of a devil. This is a bold claim, implying that most Christians’