The longing in Jesus’ day was the longing for the kingdom of God. The question in Jesus’ day was, “How will it be brought to earth?” There were three main responses to that question. Jesus would differ with all three. The Zealots decided to revolt. The Zealots were an extreme nationalist party dedicated to bringing in the kingdom of God by overthrowing Romans using any means, including violence. They were freedom fighters — or terrorists—depending on your politics. The Essenes decided to withdraw.