In the eyes of these pragmatists, ideas were nothing but provisional responses to actual challenges, and truth, by definition, was relative to the time, to the place, to the need, and to the person. Oliver Wendell Holmes said this: “Men to a great extent believe what they want to,” because it brings them self-satisfaction. William James applied this philosophy to psychology, and in particular to the psychology of religion. He suggested that truth is not something inherent to an idea, concept, or