believed the church and state should be allied as forces in the unification of society. Charles delineated the roles of state and church in a letter to Pope Leo: “Our task [as secular ruler] is externally, with God’s help, to defend with our arms the holy Church of Christ against attacks by the heathen from any side and against devastation by the infidels and, internally, to strengthen the Church by the recognition of the Catholic faith. Your share, Most Holy Father, is to support our army with hands