Genesis 16–17

Hagar and Ishmael

Now Sarai,^a Abram’s wife, had borne him no children.^b But she had an Egyptian servant^c named Hagar;^d so she said to Abram, “The Lord has kept me from having children.^e Go, sleep with my servant; perhaps I can build a family through her.”^f

Abram agreed to what Sarai said. So after Abram had been living in Canaan^g ten years,^h Sarai his wife took her Egyptian servant Hagar and gave her to her husband to be his wife. He slept with Hagar,ⁱ and she conceived.

When she knew she was pregnant, she began to despise her mistress.^j Then Sarai said to Abram, “You are responsible for the wrong I am suffering. I put my servant in your arms, and now that she knows she is pregnant, she despises me. May the Lord judge between you and me.”^k

“Your servant is in your hands,^l” Abram said. “Do with her whatever you think best.” Then Sarai mistreated^m Hagar; so she fled from her.

The angel of the Lordⁿ found Hagar near a spring^o in the desert; it was the spring that is beside the road to Shur.^p And he said, “Hagar,^q servant of Sarai, where have you come from, and where are you going?”^r

“I’m running away from my mistress Sarai,” she answered.

Then the angel of the Lord told her, “Go back to your mistress and submit to her.” The angel added, “I will increase your descendants so much that they will be too numerous to count.”^s

The angel of the Lord^t also said to her:

“You are now pregnant

and you will give birth to a son.^u

You shall name him^v Ishmael,^w

for the Lord has heard of your misery.^x

He will be a wild donkey^y of a man;

his hand will be against everyone

and everyone’s hand against him,

and he will live in hostility

toward all his brothers.^z”

She gave this name to the Lord who spoke to her: “You are the God who sees me,^a” for she said, “I have now seen the One who sees me.”^b That is why the well^c was called Beer Lahai Roi;^d it is still there, between Kadesh^e and Bered.

So Hagar^f bore Abram a son,^g and Abram gave the name Ishmael^h to the son she had borne. Abram was eighty-six years oldⁱ when Hagar bore him Ishmael.

The Covenant of Circumcision

When Abram was ninety-nine years old,^a the Lord appeared to him^b and said, “I am God Almighty;^c walk before me faithfully and be blameless.^d Then I will make my covenant between me and you^e and will greatly increase your numbers.”^f

Abram fell facedown,^g and God said to him, “As for me, this is my covenant with you:^h You will be the father of many nations.ⁱ No longer will you be called Abram; your name will be Abraham,^j for I have made you a father of many nations.^k I will make you very fruitful;^l I will make nations of you, and kings will come from you.^m I will establish my covenant^no as an everlasting covenant^pq between me and you and your descendants after you for the generations to come, to be your God^r and the God of your descendants after you.^s The whole land of Canaan,^t where you now reside as a foreigner,^u I will give as an everlasting possession to you and your descendants after you;^v and I will be their God.^w”

Then God said to Abraham, “As for you, you must keep my covenant,^x you and your descendants after you for the generations to come.^y This is my covenant with you and your descendants after you, the covenant you are to keep: Every male among you shall be circumcised.^z You are to undergo circumcision,^a and it will be the sign of the covenant^b between me and you. For the generations to come^c every male among you who is eight days old must be circumcised,^d including those born in your household or bought with money from a foreigner—those who are not your offspring. Whether born in your household or bought with your money, they must be circumcised.^e My covenant in your flesh is to be an everlasting covenant.^f Any uncircumcised male, who has not been circumcised^g in the flesh, will be cut off from his people;^h he has broken my covenant.ⁱ”

God also said to Abraham, “As for Sarai^j your wife, you are no longer to call her Sarai; her name will be Sarah.^k I will bless her and will surely give you a son by her.^l I will bless her so that she will be the mother of nations;^m kings of peoples will come from her.”

Abraham fell facedown;ⁿ he laughed^o and said to himself, “Will a son be born to a man a hundred years old?^p Will Sarah bear a child at the age of ninety?”^q And Abraham said to God, “If only Ishmael^r might live under your blessing!”^s

Then God said, “Yes, but your wife Sarah will bear you a son,^t and you will call him Isaac.^u I will establish my covenant with him^v as an everlasting covenant^w for his descendants after him. And as for Ishmael, I have heard you: I will surely bless him; I will make him fruitful and will greatly increase his numbers.^x He will be the father of twelve rulers,^y and I will make him into a great nation.^z But my covenant^a I will establish with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you^b by this time next year.”^c When he had finished speaking with Abraham, God went up from him.^d

On that very day Abraham took his son Ishmael and all those born in his household^e or bought with his money, every male in his household, and circumcised them, as God told him.^f Abraham was ninety-nine years old^g when he was circumcised,^h and his son Ishmaelⁱ was thirteen; Abraham and his son Ishmael were both circumcised on that same day. And every male in Abraham’s household^j, including those born in his household or bought from a foreigner, was circumcised with him.