Zephaniah 1:4

Footnotes

1. 6 Heb “I will stretch out my hand against,” is an idiom for hostile action.
2. 7 For location see ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
3. 8 Heb “cut off.”
4. 9 Heb “the remnant of Baal.”
5. 10 Heb “name.” Here the “name” is figurative for the memory of those who bear it.
6. 11 Heb “of the pagan priests and priests.” The first word (כְּמָרִים, kémarim) refers to idolatrous priests in its two other appearances in the OT (2 Kgs 23:5, Hos 10:5), while the second word (כֹּהֲנִים, kohanim) is the normal term for “priest” and is used of both legitimate and illegitimate priests in the OT. It is likely that the second term, which is omitted in the , is a later scribal addition to the Hebrew text, defining the extremely rare word that precedes (see J. J. M. Roberts, Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah [], 167–68; cf. also , ). Some argue that both words are original; among the modern English versions that include both are and . Possibly the first word refers to outright pagan priests, while the second has in view once-legitimate priests of the Lord who had drifted into idolatrous practices. Another option is found in Adele Berlin, who translates, “the idolatrous priests among the priests,” understanding the second word as giving the general category of which the idolatrous priests are a part (Zephaniah [ 25A], ).