Proverbs 27:19

Footnotes

1. 45 The verse is somewhat cryptic and so has prompted many readings. The first line in the has “As water the face to the face.” The simplest and most probable interpretation is that clear water gives a reflection of the face (cf. , , , ). One creative but unconvincing suggestion is that of L. Kopf, who suggests the idea is “water of face” (a construct) and that it means shame or modesty, i.e., a face is not really human without shame, and a man without a heart is not human (“Arabische Etymologien und Parallelen zum Bibelwörterbuch,” 9 [1959]: 260–61).
2. 46 The second line has “so the heart of a man to a man” (cf. , ). The present translation (along with many English versions) supplies “reflects” as a verb in the second line to emphasize the parallelism. In the parallelism this statement means that a person’s heart is the true reflection of that person. It is in looking at the heart, the will, the choices, the loves, the decisions, the attitudes, that people come to self-awareness.