^29:1“ ‘On the first day of the seventh month, you are to hold a holy assembly. You must not do your ordinary work, for it is a day of blowing trumpets for you. ^29:2You must offer a burnt offering as a sweet aroma to the Lord: one young bull, one ram, and seven lambs one year old without blemish.

^29:3“ ‘Their grain offering is to be of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil, three-tenths of an ephah for the bull, two-tenths of an ephah for the ram, ^29:4and one-tenth for each of the seven lambs, ^29:5with one male goat for a purification offering to make an atonement for you; ^29:6this is in addition to the monthly burnt offering and its grain offering, and the daily burnt offering with its grain offering and their drink offerings as prescribed, as a sweet aroma, a sacrifice made by fire to the Lord.

The Day of Atonement

^29:7“ ‘On the tenth day of this seventh month you are to have a holy assembly. You must humble yourselves;¹ you must not do any work on it. ^29:8But you must offer a burnt offering as a pleasing aroma to the Lord, one young bull, one ram, and seven lambs one year old, all of them without blemish.²^29:9Their grain offering must be of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil, three-tenths of an ephah for the bull, two-tenths for the ram, ^29:10and one-tenth for each of the seven lambs, ^29:11along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the purification offering for atonement and the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and their drink offerings.

The Feast of Temporary Shelters

^29:12“ ‘On the fifteenth day of the seventh month you are to have a holy assembly; you must do no ordinary work, and you must keep a festival to the Lord for seven days. ^29:13You must offer a burnt offering, an offering made by fire as a pleasing aroma to the Lord: thirteen young bulls, two rams, and fourteen lambs each one year old, all of them without blemish. ^29:14Their grain offering must be of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil, three-tenths of an ephah for each of the thirteen bulls, two-tenths of an ephah for each of the two rams, ^29:15and one-tenth for each of the fourteen lambs, ^29:16along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and its drink offering.

^29:17“ ‘On the second day you must offer twelve young bulls, two rams, fourteen lambs one year old, all without blemish, ^29:18and their grain offering and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed, ^29:19along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and their drink offerings.

^29:20“ ‘On the third day you must offer³ eleven bulls, two rams, fourteen lambs one year old, all without blemish, ^29:21and their grain offering and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed, ^29:22along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and its drink offering.

^29:23“ ‘On the fourth day you must offer ten bulls, two rams, and fourteen lambs one year old, all without blemish, ^29:24and their grain offering and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed, ^29:25along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and its drink offering.

^29:26“ ‘On the fifth day you must offer nine bulls, two rams, and fourteen lambs one year old, all without blemish, ^29:27and their grain offering and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed, ^29:28along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and its drink offering.

^29:29“ ‘On the sixth day you must offer eight bulls, two rams, and fourteen lambs one year old, all without blemish, ^29:30and their grain offering and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed, ^29:31along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and its drink offering.

^29:32“ ‘On the seventh day you must offer seven bulls, two rams, and fourteen lambs one year old, all without blemish, ^29:33and their grain offering and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed, ^29:34along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and its drink offering.

^29:35“ ‘On the eighth day you are to have a holy assembly; you must do no ordinary work on it. ^29:36But you must offer a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, as a pleasing aroma to the Lord, one bull, one ram, seven lambs one year old, all of them without blemish, ^29:37and with their grain offering and their drink offerings for the bull, for the ram, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed, ^29:38along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and its drink offering.

^29:39“ ‘These things you must present to the Lord at your appointed times, in addition to your vows and your freewill offerings, as your burnt offerings, your grain offerings, your drink offerings, and your peace offerings.’ ” ^{29:40 (30:1)}⁴ So Moses told the Israelites everything, just as the Lord had commanded him.⁵

Vows Made by Men

^30:1¹ Moses told the leaders² of the tribes concerning the Israelites, “This is what³ the Lord has commanded: ^30:2If a man⁴ makes a vow⁵ to the Lord or takes an oath⁶ of binding obligation on himself,⁷ he must not break his word, but must do whatever he has promised.⁸

Vows Made by Single Women

^30:3“If a young⁹ woman who is still living¹⁰ in her father’s house makes a vow to the Lord or places herself under an obligation, ^30:4and her father hears of her vow or the obligation to which she has pledged herself, and her father remains silent about her,¹¹ then all her vows will stand,¹² and every obligation to which she has pledged herself will stand. ^30:5But if her father overrules her when he hears¹³ about it, then none¹⁴ of her vows or her obligations which she has pledged for herself will stand. And the Lord will release¹⁵ her from it, because her father overruled her.

Vows Made by Married Women

^30:6“And if she marries a husband while under a vow,¹⁶ or she uttered¹⁷ anything impulsively by which she has pledged herself, ^30:7and her husband hears about it, but remains silent about her when he hears about it, then her vows will stand and her obligations which she has pledged for herself will stand. ^30:8But if when her husband hears it he overrules her, then he will nullify¹⁸ the vow she has taken,¹⁹ and whatever she uttered impulsively which she has pledged for herself. And the Lord will release her from it.

Vows Made by Widows

^30:9“But every vow of a widow or of a divorced woman which she has pledged for herself will remain intact.²⁰^30:10If she made the vow in her husband’s house or put herself under obligation with an oath, ^30:11and her husband heard about it, but remained silent about her, and did not overrule her, then all her vows will stand, and every obligation which she pledged for herself will stand. ^30:12But if her husband clearly nullifies²¹ them when he hears them, then whatever she says²² by way of vows or obligations will not stand. Her husband has made them void, and the Lord will release her from them.

^30:13“Any vow or sworn obligation that would bring affliction to her,²³ her husband can confirm or nullify.²⁴^30:14But if her husband remains completely silent²⁵ about her from day to day, he thus confirms all her vows or all her obligations which she is under; he confirms them because he remained silent about her when he heard them. ^30:15But if he should nullify them after he has heard them, then he will bear her iniquity.”²⁶

^30:16These are the statutes that the Lord commanded Moses, relating to²⁷ a man and his wife, and a father and his young daughter who is still living in her father’s house.

Read in Logos

Footnotes

1 Heb “afflict yourselves”; “mortify yourselves”; , “deny yourselves.” The verb seems to mean “humble yourself.” There is no explanation given for it. In the days of the prophets fasting seems to be associated with it (see Isa 58:3–5), and possibly the symbolic wearing of ashes.
2 Heb “they shall be to you without blemish.”
3 The words “you must offer” are implied.
4 Beginning with 29:40, the verse numbers through 30:16 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (), with 29:40 = 30:1 , 30:1 = 30:2 , etc., through 30:16 = 30:17 . With 31:1 the verse numbers in the and are again the same.
5 Heb “Moses.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“him”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
1 Num 30 deals with vows that are different than the vows discussed in Lev 27 and Num 6. The material is placed here after all the rulings of the offerings, but it could have been revealed to Moses at any time, such as the Nazirite vows, or the question of the daughters’ inheritance. The logic of placing it here may be that a festival was the ideal place for discharging a vow. For additional material on vows, see R. de Vaux, Ancient Israel, 465–66.
2 Heb “heads.”
3 Heb “This is the word which.”
4 The legal construction states the class to which the law applies, and then lays down the condition: “men [man]—if.…”
5 The Hebrew text uses a cognate accusative construction to express this: “a man if he vows a vow.”
6 The expression is “swear an oath” (הִשָּׁבַע שְׁבֻעָה, hishava’ shévu’ah). The vow (נֵדֶר, neder) was a promise to donate something of oneself or one’s substance to the Lord. The solemn oath seals the vow before the Lord, perhaps with sacrifice. The vocabulary recalls Abraham’s treaty with Abimelech and the naming of Beer Sheba with the word (see Gen 21).
7 The Hebrew text has לֶאְסֹר אִסָּר (le’sor ’issar), meaning “to take a binding obligation.” This is usually interpreted to mean a negative vow, i.e., the person attempts to abstain from something that is otherwise permissible. It might involve fasting, or abstaining from marital sex, but it might also involve some goal to be achieved, and the abstaining from distractions until the vow is fulfilled (see Ps 132). The נֶדֶר (neder) may have been more for religious matters, and the אִסָּר more for social concerns, but this cannot be documented with certainty.
8 Heb “according to all that goes out of his mouth.”
9 The qualification comes at the end of the verse, and simply says “in her youth.”
10 The Hebrew text just has “in her father’s house” and not “who is still living,” but that is the meaning of the line.
11 The intent of this expression is that he does not object to the vow.
12 The verb קוּם (qum) is best translated “stand” here, but the idea with it is that what she vows is established as a genuine oath with the father’s approval (or acquiescence).
13 The idiom is “in the day of,” but it is used in place of a preposition before the infinitive construct with its suffixed subjective genitive. The clause is temporal.
14 The Hebrew “all will not stand” is best rendered “none will stand.”
15 The verb has often been translated “forgive” (cf. , , , , ), but that would suggest a sin that needed forgiving. The idea of “release from obligation” is better; the idea is like that of having a debt “forgiven” or “retired.” In other words, she is free from the vow she had made. The Lord will not hold the woman responsible to do what she vowed.
16 Heb “and her vows are upon her.” It may be that the woman gets married while her vows are still unfulfilled.
17 The Hebrew text indicates that this would be some impetuous vow that she uttered with her lips, a vow that her husband, whether new or existing, would not approve of. Several translate it “a binding obligation rashly uttered.”
18 The verb is the Hiphil perfect with a vav (ו) consecutive from the verb פָּרַר (parar, “to annul”). The verb functions here as the equivalent of an imperfect tense; here it is the apodosis following the conditional clause—if this is the case, then this is what will happen.
19 Heb “which [she is] under it.”
20 The Hebrew text says her vow “shall stand against her.” In other words, she must fulfill, or bear the consequences of, whatever she vowed.
21 The verb is the imperfect tense in the conditional clause. It is intensified with the infinitive absolute, which would have the force of saying that he nullified them unequivocally, or he made them null and void.
22 Heb whatever proceeds from her lips.”
23 The sentence uses the infinitive construct לְעַנֹּת (lé’annot, “to afflict”), which is the same word used in the instructions for the day of atonement in which people are to afflict themselves (their souls). The case here may be that the woman would take a religious vow on such an occasion to humble herself, to mortify her flesh, to abstain from certain things, perhaps even sexual relations within marriage.
24 Heb “or her husband can nullify.”
25 The sentence uses the infinitive absolute to strengthen the idea.
26 In other words, he will pay the penalty for making her break her vows if he makes her stop what she vowed. It will not be her responsibility.
27 Heb “between.”