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Nahum 3:18–19

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Concluding Dirge

3:18Your shepherds72 are sleeping, O king of Assyria!

Your officers73 are slumbering!74

Your people are scattered like sheep75 on the mountains

and there is no one to regather them!

3:19Your destruction is like an incurable wound;76

your demise is like a fatal injury!77

All who hear what has happened to you78 will clap their hands for joy,79

for no one ever escaped your endless cruelty!80

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Footnotes

  1. 72 The term shepherd was frequently used in the ancient Near East in reference to kings and other leaders (royal, political, military). Here, the expression your shepherds is an implied comparison (hypocatastasis) referring to the royal/military leadership of Assyria.
  2. 73 The Hebrew term אַדִּירֶיךָ (’addirekha, “your officers”) from the root אַדִּיר (’addir, “high noble, majestic one”) designates “prominent people” in society (Judg 5:13, 25; Jer 14:3; Ps 16:3; Neh 3:5; 10:30; 2 Chr 23:20) and prominent “officers” in the military (Nah 2:6; 3:18); see ; 12 אַדִּיר. This is related to Assyrian adaru (“high noble official”).
  3. 74 The reads יִשְׁכְּנוּ (yishkénu, “they are settling down; they are lying down”) from שָׁכַן (shakhan, “to settle down, to lie down”). The editors suggest emending to יָשְׁנוּ (yashnu, “they are slumbering”) in order to produce a tighter parallelism with the parallel verb נָמוּ (namu, “they are sleeping”). However, the has an adequate parallelism because the verb שָׁכַן is often used in reference to the dead lying down in the grave (Job 4:19; 26:5; Ps 94:17; Isa 26:19; see 1015 שָׁכַן Qal.2.b). This is a figurative expression (hypocatastasis) for someone dying. Although the misunderstood the syntax of this line, the translation ἐκοίμισε (ekoimise, “he has laid low”) points to a form of the Masoretic verbal root שָׁכַן.
  4. 75 The words “like sheep” are not in the Hebrew text; they are added for clarification of the imagery. The previous line compares Assyria’s leaders to shepherds.
  5. 76 The reads the hapax legomenon כֵּהָה (kehah, “relief, alleviation”). On the other hand, the reads ἴασις (iasis, “healing”) which seems to reflect a reading of גֵּהָה (gehah, “cure, healing”). In the light of the , the editors suggest emending the to גֵּהָה (gehah)—which occurs only once elsewhere (Prov 17:22)—on the basis of orthographic and phonological confusion between Hebrew ך (kaf) and ג (gimel). This emendation would produce the common ancient Near Eastern treaty-curse: “there is no cure for your wound” (e.g., Hos 5:13); see כֵּהָה; K. J. Cathcart, “Treaty-Curses and the Book of Nahum,” 35 (1973): 186; D. Hillers, Treaty-Curses and the Old Testament Prophets, 64–66. Heb “There is no relief of your fracture.”
  6. 77 Heb “your injury is fatal.”
  7. 78 Heb “the report of you.”
  8. 79 Heb “will clap their hands over you.”
  9. 80 Heb “For who ever escaped …?”

In other versions

ESVEnglish Standard Version

Your shepherds are asleep,

O king of Assyria;

your nobles slumber.

Your people are scattered on the mountains

with none to gather them.

There is no easing your hurt;

your wound is grievous.

All who hear the news about you

clap their hands over you.

For upon whom has not come

your unceasing evil?

NIVNew International Version (2011)

King of Assyria, your shepherds slumber;

your nobles lie down to rest.

Your people are scattered on the mountains

with no one to gather them.

Nothing can heal you;

your wound is fatal.

All who hear the news about you

clap their hands at your fall,

for who has not felt

your endless cruelty?

CSBChristian Standard Bible

King of Assyria, your shepherds slumber;

your officers sleep.

Your people are scattered across the mountains

with no one to gather them together.

There is no remedy for your injury;

your wound is severe.

All who hear the news about you

will clap their hands because of you,

for who has not experienced

your constant cruelty?

NLTNew Living Translation

Your shepherds are asleep, O Assyrian king;

your princes lie dead in the dust.

Your people are scattered across the mountains

with no one to gather them together.

There is no healing for your wound;

your injury is fatal.

All who hear of your destruction

will clap their hands for joy.

Where can anyone be found

who has not suffered from your continual cruelty?

LEBThe Lexham English Bible

Your shepherds are sleeping, O king of Assyria!

Your nobles slumber.

Your people are scattered on the mountains;

no one can gather them.

There is no healing for your wound;

your injury is fatal.

All who hear the report of you will clap their hands for joy concerning you,

For who has not suffered at the hands of your endless cruelty?

KJV 1900King James Version

Thy shepherds slumber, O king of Assyria: thy nobles shall dwell in the dust:

Thy people is scattered upon the mountains, and no man gathereth them.

There is no healing of thy bruise; thy wound is grievous:

All that hear the bruit of thee shall clap the hands over thee:

For upon whom hath not thy wickedness passed continually?