Job 12:7–9

Footnotes

1. 17 As J. E. Hartley (Job [], ) observes, in this section Job argues that respected tradition “must not be accepted uncritically.”
2. 18 The singular verb is used here with the plural collective subject (see §145.k).
3. 19 The word in the means “to complain,” not simply “to speak,” and one would expect animals as the object here in parallel to the last verse. So several commentators have replaced the word with words for animals or reptiles—totally different words (cf. , “reptiles”). The and have here the word “plants” (see 30:4, 7; and Gen 21:15).
4. 20 A. B. Davidson (Job, 90) offers a solution by taking “earth” to mean all the lower forms of life that teem in the earth (a metonymy of subject).
5. 21 This line could also be translated “by all these,” meaning “who is not instructed by nature?” (H. H. Rowley, Job [], 93). But D. J. A. Clines points out that the verses have presented the animals as having knowledge and communicating it, so the former reading would be best (Job [], ).
6. 22 Some commentators have trouble with the name “Yahweh” in this verse, which is not the pattern in the poetic section of Job. Three of Kennicott and two of de Rossi have “God.” If this is so the reminiscence of Isaiah 41:20 led the copyist to introduce the tetragrammaton. But one could argue equally that the few with “God” were the copyists’ attempt to correct the text in accord with usage elsewhere.
7. 23 The expression “has done this” probably refers to everything that has been discussed, namely, the way that God in his wisdom rules over the world, but specifically it refers to the infliction of suffering in the world.