Logos Bible Study

Isaiah 19:1–17

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The Lord Will Judge Egypt

19:1Here is a message about Egypt:

Look, the Lord rides on a swift-moving cloud

and approaches Egypt.

The idols of Egypt tremble before him;

the Egyptians lose their courage.1

19:2“I will provoke civil strife in Egypt,2

brothers will fight with each other,

as will neighbors,

cities, and kingdoms.3

19:3The Egyptians will panic,4

and I will confuse their strategy.5

They will seek guidance from the idols and from the spirits of the dead,

from the pits used to conjure up underworld spirits, and from the magicians.6

19:4I will hand Egypt over to a harsh master;

a powerful king will rule over them,”

says the sovereign master,7 the Lord who commands armies.

19:5The water of the sea will be dried up,

and the river will dry up and be empty.8

19:6The canals9 will stink;10

the streams of Egypt will trickle and then dry up;

the bulrushes and reeds will decay,

19:7along with the plants by the mouth of the river.11

All the cultivated land near the river

will turn to dust and be blown away.12

19:8The fishermen will mourn and lament,

all those who cast a fishhook into the river,

and those who spread out a net on the water’s surface will grieve.13

19:9Those who make clothes from combed flax will be embarrassed;

those who weave will turn pale.14

19:10Those who make cloth15 will be demoralized;16

all the hired workers will be depressed.17

19:11The officials of Zoan are nothing but fools;18

Pharaoh’s wise advisers give stupid advice.

How dare you say to Pharaoh,

“I am one of the sages,

one well-versed in the writings of the ancient kings?”19

19:12But where, oh where, are your wise men?20

Let them tell you, let them find out

what the Lord who commands armies has planned for Egypt.

19:13The officials of Zoan are fools,

the officials of Memphis21 are misled;

the rulers22 of her tribes lead Egypt astray.

19:14The Lord has made them undiscerning;23

they lead Egypt astray in all she does,

so that she is like a drunk sliding around in his own vomit.24

19:15Egypt will not be able to do a thing,

head or tail, shoots and stalk.25

19:16At that time26 the Egyptians27 will be like women.28 They will tremble and fear because the Lord who commands armies brandishes his fist against them.2919:17The land of Judah will humiliate Egypt. Everyone who hears about Judah will be afraid because of what the Lord who commands armies is planning to do to them.30

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Footnotes

  1. 1 Heb “and the heart of Egypt melts within it.”
  2. 2 Heb I will provoke Egypt against Egypt” ( similar).
  3. 3 Heb “and they will fight, a man against his brother, and a man against his neighbor, city against city, kingdom against kingdom.” Civil strife will extend all the way from the domestic level to the provincial arena.
  4. 4 Heb “and the spirit of Egypt will be laid waste in its midst.”
  5. 5 The verb בָּלַע (bala’, “confuse”) is a homonym of the more common בָּלַע (bala’, “swallow”); see I בלע.
  6. 6 Heb “they will inquire of the idols and of the spirits of the dead and of the ritual pits and of the magicians.” Hebrew אוֹב (’ov, “ritual pit”) refers to a pit used by a magician to conjure up underworld spirits. See the note on “incantations” in .
  7. 7 The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).
  8. 8 Heb “will dry up and be dry.” Two synonyms are joined for emphasis.
  9. 9 Heb “rivers” (so , ); , “streams”; “channels.”
  10. 10 The verb form appears as a Hiphil in the Qumran scroll 1QIsaa; the form in may be a so-called “mixed form,” reflecting the Hebrew Hiphil stem and the functionally corresponding Aramaic Aphel stem. See I זנח.
  11. 11 Heb “the plants by the river, by the mouth of the river.”
  12. 12 Heb “will dry up, [being] scattered, and it will vanish.”
  13. 13 Or perhaps, “will disappear”; cf. “will be useless.”
  14. 14 301 חוֹרִי suggests the meaning “white stuff” for חוֹרִי (khori); the Qumran scroll 1QIsaa has חָוֵרוּ (khaveru), probably a Qal perfect, third plural form of חוּר, (khur, “be white, pale”). See I חור. The latter reading is assumed in the translation above.
  15. 15 Some interpret שָׁתֹתֶיהָ (shatoteha) as “her foundations,” i.e., leaders, nobles. See 1011 שָׁת. Others, on the basis of alleged cognates in Akkadian and Coptic, repoint the form שְׁתִיתֶיהָ (shétiteha) and translate “her weavers.” See J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (), 1:.
  16. 16 Heb “crushed.” Emotional distress is the focus of the context (see vv. 8–9, 10b).
  17. 17 Heb “sad of soul”; cf. , “sick at heart.”
  18. 18 Or “certainly the officials of Zoan are fools.” אַךְ (’akh) can carry the sense, “only, nothing but,” or “certainly, surely.”
  19. 19 Heb “A son of wise men am I, a son of ancient kings.” The term בֶּן (ben, “son of”) could refer to literal descent, but many understand the word, at least in the first line, in its idiomatic sense of “member [of a guild].” See בֶּן and J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (), 1:. If this is the case, then one can take the word in a figurative sense in the second line as well, the “son of ancient kings” being one devoted to their memory as preserved in their literature.
  20. 20 Heb “Where are they? Where are your wise men?” The juxtaposition of the interrogative pronouns is emphatic. See אֶי.
  21. 21 Heb “Noph” (so ); most recent English versions substitute the more familiar “Memphis.”
  22. 22 Heb “the cornerstone.” The singular form should be emended to a plural.
  23. 23 Heb “the Lord has mixed into her midst a spirit of blindness.”
  24. 24 Heb “like the going astray of a drunkard in his vomit.”
  25. 25 Heb “And there will not be for Egypt a deed, which head and tail, shoot and stalk can do.” In 9:14–15 the phrase “head or tail” refers to leaders and prophets, respectively. This interpretation makes good sense in this context, where both leaders and advisers (probably including prophets and diviners) are mentioned (vv. 11–14). Here, as in 9:14, “shoots and stalk” picture a reed, which symbolizes the leadership of the nation in its entirety.
  26. 26 Heb “in that day” (so ), likewise at the beginning of vv. 18 and 19.
  27. 27 Heb “Egypt,” which stands by metonymy for the country’s inhabitants.
  28. 28 As the rest of the verse indicates, the point of the simile is that the Egyptians will be relatively weak physically and will wilt in fear before the Lord’s onslaught.
  29. 29 Heb “and he will tremble and be afraid because of the brandishing of the hand of the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts], which he brandishes against him.” Since according to the imagery here the Lord’s “hand” is raised as a weapon against the Egyptians, the term “fist” has been used in the translation.
  30. 30 Heb “and the land of Judah will become [a source of] shame to Egypt, everyone to whom one mentions it [i.e., the land of Judah] will fear because of the plan of the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] which he is planning against him.”

The NET Bible First Edition, Copyright 1996-2005 by Biblical Studies Press