Logos Bible Study

Hosea 7:4–7

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7:4They are all like bakers,3

they4 are like a smoldering oven;

they are like a baker who does not stoke the fire

until the kneaded dough is ready for baking.

7:5At the celebration5 of their king,6

his princes become inflamed7 with wine;

they conspire8 with evildoers.

7:6They approach him, all the while plotting against him.

Their hearts are like an oven;

their anger smolders all night long,

but in the morning it bursts into a flaming fire.

7:7All of them are blazing like an oven;

they devour their rulers.

All of their kings fall—

and none of them call on me!

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Footnotes

  1. 3 The reads מְנָאֲפִים (ména’afim, “adulterers”; Piel participle masculine plural from נָאַף, na’af, “to commit adultery”), which does not seem to fit the context. The original reading was probably אוֹפִים (’ofim, “bakers”; Qal participle masculine plural from אָפַה, ’afah, “to bake”), which harmonizes well with the baker/oven/fire motif in 7:4–7. The textual deviation was caused by: (1) confusion of ן (nun) and ו (vav), (2) metathesis of ן/ו (nun/vav) and א (alef), and (3) dittography of ם (mem) from the preceding word. Original כֻּלָּם אוֹפִים (kullam ’ofim, “all of them are bakers”) was confused for כֻּלָּם מְנָאֲפִים (“all of them are adulterers”). In spite of this most English versions follow the reading of the here.
  2. 4 The preserves the enigmatic כְּמוֹ תַנּוּר בֹּעֵרָה םֵ (kémo tannur bo’erah me, “Like a burning oven, from …?”). The adjectival participle בֹּעֵרָה (“burning”) is feminine while the noun תַנּוּר (tannur, “oven”) that it modifies is masculine. The editors solve this problem by simply redividing the words: כְּמוֹ תַנּוּר בֹּעֵר הֵם (cémo tannur bo’er hem, “they are like a burning oven”). This solution is followed by many English versions (e.g., , , ).
  3. 5 Heb “the day of” (so , , , ); “On the day of the festival of our king”; “On royal holidays.”
  4. 6 The preserves the awkward 1st person common plural suffix reading מַלְכֵּנוּ (malakenu, “our king”). The editors suggest reading the 3rd person masculine plural suffix מַלְכָּם (malkam, “their king”; so ), as reflected in the Aramaic .
  5. 7 The vocalizes the consonants החלו as הֶחֱלוּ a Hiphil perfect 3rd person common plural from I חָלָה (“to become sick”). However, this is syntactically awkward. The editors suggest revocalizing it as Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix from חָלַל (khalal, “to begin”) or Hiphil perfect 3rd person common plural from חָלַל. For a discussion of this textual problem, see D. Barthélemy, e.d., Preliminary and Interim Report on the Hebrew Old Testament Text Project, 5:240. Heb “when their king began [to reign].”
  6. 8 Heb “he joined hands”; “make agreements.”

The NET Bible First Edition, Copyright 1996-2005 by Biblical Studies Press

In other versions

ESVEnglish Standard Version

They are all adulterers;

they are like a heated oven

whose baker ceases to stir the fire,

from the kneading of the dough

until it is leavened.

On the day of our king, the princes

became sick with the heat of wine;

he stretched out his hand with mockers.

For with hearts like an oven they approach their intrigue;

all night their anger smolders;

in the morning it blazes like a flaming fire.

All of them are hot as an oven,

and they devour their rulers.

All their kings have fallen,

and none of them calls upon me.

Copyright 2001 Crossway Bibles

NIVNew International Version (2011)

They are all adulterers,

burning like an oven

whose fire the baker need not stir

from the kneading of the dough till it rises.

On the day of the festival of our king

the princes become inflamed with wine,

and he joins hands with the mockers.

Their hearts are like an oven;

they approach him with intrigue.

Their passion smolders all night;

in the morning it blazes like a flaming fire.

All of them are hot as an oven;

they devour their rulers.

All their kings fall,

and none of them calls on me.

Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 Biblica, Inc.

CSBChristian Standard Bible

All of them commit adultery;

they are like an oven heated by a baker

who stops stirring the fire

from the kneading of the dough until it is leavened.

On the day of our king,

the princes are sick with the heat of wine—

there is a conspiracy with traitors.

For they—their hearts like an oven—

draw him into their oven.

Their anger smolders all night;

in the morning it blazes like a flaming fire.

All of them are as hot as an oven,

and they consume their rulers.

All their kings fall;

not one of them calls on me.

Copyright 2017 Holman Bible Publishers

NLTNew Living Translation

They are all adulterers,

always aflame with lust.

They are like an oven that is kept hot

while the baker is kneading the dough.

On royal holidays, the princes get drunk with wine,

carousing with those who mock them.

Their hearts are like an oven

blazing with intrigue.

Their plot smolders through the night,

and in the morning it breaks out like a raging fire.

Burning like an oven,

they consume their leaders.

They kill their kings one after another,

and no one cries to me for help.

Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers. All rights reserved.

LEBThe Lexham English Bible

All of them commit adultery,

like a burning oven

whose baker has stopped from stirring the fire,

and from kneading the dough until it is leavened.

On the day of our king, the princes

became sick with the heat of wine;

he stretched out his hand with mockers.

Because they are kindled like an oven,

their heart burns within them;

all night their anger smolders,

in the morning it blazes like a flaming fire.

All of them are hot as an oven,

and they devour their rulers.

All their kings have fallen;

there is none who calls to me amongst them.

Copyright 2012 Lexham Press

KJV 1900King James Version

They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker,

Who ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, until it be leavened.

In the day of our king the princes have made him sick with bottles of wine;

He stretched out his hand with scorners.

For they have made ready their heart like an oven, whiles they lie in wait:

Their baker sleepeth all the night;

In the morning it burneth as a flaming fire.

They are all hot as an oven,

And have devoured their judges;

All their kings are fallen:

There is none among them that calleth unto me.

Public Domain