40 This verb is a prophetic perfect, assuming that the text means what it said and this song was sung at the Sea. So all these countries were yet to hear of the victory.
41 The word properly refers to “pangs” of childbirth. When the nations hear, they will be terrified.
42 The verb is again a prophetic perfect.
43 This is a prophetic perfect.
44 This verb is imperfect tense.
45 The two words can form a nominal hendiadys, “a dreadful fear,” though most English versions retain the two separate terms.
46 The form is an imperfect.
47 The adjective is in construct form and governs the noun “arm” (“arm” being the anthropomorphic expression for what God did). See §132.c.
48 For a study of the words for fear, see N. Waldman, “A Comparative Note on Exodus 15:14–16,” 66 (1976): 189–92.
49 Clauses beginning with עַד (’ad) express a limit that is not absolute, but only relative, beyond which the action continues ( §138.g).
50 The verb קָנָה (qanah) here is the verb “acquire, purchase,” and probably not the homonym “to create, make” (see Gen 4:1; Deut 32:6; and Prov 8:22).

In other versions

ESVEnglish Standard Version

The peoples have heard; they tremble;

pangs have seized the inhabitants of Philistia.

Now are the chiefs of Edom dismayed;

trembling seizes the leaders of Moab;

all the inhabitants of Canaan have melted away.

Terror and dread fall upon them;

because of the greatness of your arm, they are still as a stone,

till your people, O Lord, pass by,

till the people pass by whom you have purchased.

NIVNew International Version (2011)

The nations will hear and tremble;

anguish will grip the people of Philistia.

The chiefs of Edom will be terrified,

the leaders of Moab will be seized with trembling,

the people of Canaan will melt away;

terror and dread will fall on them.

By the power of your arm

they will be as still as a stone—

until your people pass by, Lord,

until the people you bought pass by.

CSBChristian Standard Bible

When the peoples hear, they will shudder;

anguish will seize the inhabitants of Philistia.

Then the chiefs of Edom will be terrified;

trembling will seize the leaders of Moab;

all the inhabitants of Canaan will panic;

terror and dread will fall on them.

They will be as still as a stone

because of your powerful arm

until your people pass by, Lord,

until the people whom you purchased pass by.

NLTNew Living Translation

The peoples hear and tremble;

anguish grips those who live in Philistia.

The leaders of Edom are terrified;

the nobles of Moab tremble.

All who live in Canaan melt away;

terror and dread fall upon them.

The power of your arm

makes them lifeless as stone

until your people pass by, O Lord,

until the people you purchased pass by.

LEBThe Lexham English Bible

Peoples heard; they trembled;

anguish seized the inhabitants of Philistia.

Then the chiefs of Edom were horrified; great distress seized the leaders of Moab;

all of the inhabitants of Canaan melted away.

Terror and dread fell on them;

at the greatness of your arm they became silent like the stone,

until your people passed by, Yahweh,

until the people whom you bought passed by.

KJV 1900King James Version

The people shall hear, and be afraid:

Sorrow shall take hold on the inhabitants of Palestina.

Then the dukes of Edom shall be amazed;

The mighty men of Moab, trembling shall take hold upon them;

All the inhabitants of Canaan shall melt away.

Fear and dread shall fall upon them;

By the greatness of thine arm they shall be as still as a stone;

Till thy people pass over, O Lord,

Till the people pass over, which thou hast purchased.

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