*Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“said”) which is understood as temporal
*Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“breaking”) which is understood as temporal
*Here the direct object is supplied from context in the English translation

In other versions

And when he had said these things, he took bread, and giving thanks to God in the presence of all he broke it and began to eat.

After he said this, he took some bread and gave thanks to God in front of them all. Then he broke it and began to eat.

After he said these things and had taken some bread, he gave thanks to God in the presence of all of them, and after he broke it, he began to eat.

Then he took some bread, gave thanks to God before them all, and broke off a piece and ate it.

And when he had thus spoken, he took bread, and gave thanks to God in presence of them all: and when he had broken it, he began to eat.

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