Logos Bible Study

Matthew 5:21–37

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Murder Begins in the Heart

21“You have heard that it was said to our ancestors, oDo not murder, pqand whoever murders will be subject to judgment. r22But I tell you, everyone who is angry with his brother swill be subject to judgment. And whoever says to his brother, ‘Fool!’ twill be subject to the •Sanhedrin. But whoever says, ‘You moron!’ will be subject to •hellfire. uv23So if you are offering your gift on the altar, and there you remember that your brother has something against you, 24leave your gift there in front of the altar. First go and be reconciled with your brother, and then come and offer your gift. 25Reach a settlement quickly with your adversary while you’re on the way with him, or your adversary will hand you over to the judge, the judge to wthe officer, and you will be thrown into prison. x26I assure you: You will never get out of there until you have paid the last penny! y

Adultery in the Heart

27“You have heard that it was said, Do not commit adultery. za28But I tell you, everyone who looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. b29If your right eye •causes you to sin, cgouge it out and throw it away. For it is better that you lose one of the parts of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. d30And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. For it is better that you lose one of the parts of your body than for your whole body to go into hell!

Divorce Practices Censured

31“It was also said, Whoever divorces ehis wife must give her a written notice of divorce. fg32But I tell you, everyone who divorces his wife, except in a case of sexual immorality, hcauses her to commit adultery. And whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery. i

Tell the Truth

33“Again, you have heard that it was said to our ancestors, jYou must not break your oath, but you must keep your oaths to the Lord. kl34But I tell you, don’t take an oath at all: either by heaven, because it is God’s throne; 35or by the earth, because it is His footstool; or by Jerusalem, because it is the city of the great King. m36Neither should you swear by your head, because you cannot make a single hair white or black. 37But let your word ‘yes’ be ‘yes,’ and your ‘no’ be ‘no.’ nAnything more than this is from the evil one. o

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Footnotes

  1. o5:21 to the ancients
  2. s5:22 Other add without a cause
  3. t5:22 Raca, an Aram term of abuse similar to “airhead”
  4. •The supreme council of Judaism; it had 70 members and was patterned after Moses’ 70 elders.
  5. •The Greek word is gehenna; it is the Aramaic term for the Valley of Hinnom on the south side of Jerusalem; formerly, it was a place of human sacrifice, and in NT times, a place for the burning of garbage; it is the place of final judgment for those rejecting Christ.
  6. u5:22 the gehenna of fire
  7. w5:25 Other read judge will hand you over to
  8. y5:26 quadrans, the smallest and least valuable Roman coin, worth 1/64 of a daily wage
  9. •The Greek word skandalizo has a root meaning of snare or trap but has no real English counterpart.
  10. h5:32 Gk porneia = fornication, or possibly a violation of Jewish marriage laws
  11. j5:33 to the ancients
  12. n5:37 Say what you mean and mean what you say

Cross references

  1. p5:21 Ex 20:13; Dt 5:17
  2. q5:21 Ex 20:13; Dt 5:17
  3. r5:21 Mt 19:18; 23:31, 35; Mk 10:19; Lk 18:20; Rm 13:9; Jms 2:11
  4. v5:22 Mt 18:9; Mk 9:43; Jms 3:6; 1Jn 3:15
  5. x5:25 Pr 25:8; Lk 12:58
  6. z5:27 Ex 20:14; Dt 5:18
  7. a5:27 Ex 20:14; Dt 5:18
  8. b5:28 2Sm 11:2; Jb 31:1; Pr 6:25
  9. c5:29 Mt 18:9; Mk 9:47
  10. d5:29 Mt 10:28; 23:15, 33; Lk 12:5
  11. e5:31 Jr 3:1; Mt 19:7; Mk 10:4
  12. f5:31 Dt 24:1
  13. g5:31 Dt 24:1
  14. i5:32 Mt 19:9; Mk 10:11; Lk 16:18; Rm 7:3; 1Co 7:11
  15. k5:33 Lv 19:12; Nm 30:2; Dt 23:21; Mt 23:16
  16. l5:33 Lv 19:12; Nm 30:2; Dt 23:21
  17. m5:34–35 Ps 48:2; Is 66:1; Mt 23:22; Ac 7:49; Jms 5:12
  18. o5:37 Mt 6:13; 13:19, 38; Jn 17:15; 2Th 3:3